Within 6 months of completing the course, participants desiring certification will: 1. BMC Obes. Mississippi County-Blytheville: 870-763-7064 Breastfeeding duration and perinatal cigarette smoking in a population-based cohort. Calibration plots of prediction models for identifying a higher-than-normal BMI growth pattern in the validation cohort. The relationship between early life modifiable risk factors for childhood obesity, ethnicity and body mass index at age 3 years: findings from the Born in Bradford birth cohort study. Rosario AS, Kurth BM, Stolzenberg H, Ellert U, Neuhauser H. Body mass index percentiles for children and adolescents in Germany based on a nationally representative sample (KiGGS 2003-2006). With my last two children I had immense support that truly changed my experience. Galland BC, Taylor BJ, Elder DE, Herbison P. Normal sleep patterns in infants and children: a systematic review of observational studies. Table S5. Carla believes that increasing the amount of Black IBCLC support will increase the rates of Black womens breastfeeding outcomes, which is so crucial to their bundle of joys overall health in life. 2018;90(6):35867. Through this community doula program, they provided childbirth education and doula services to the inmates at the Osceola County Jail. Breastfeeding Counselor candidates complete a comprehensive education course designed to prepare candidates to deliver our mission of providing evidence-based breastfeeding information and support and promoting breastfeeding as the biological and cultural norm. She established the CAF Postpartum Group at Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies and this program carried through to the Osceola County Department of Health, where the group still meets every Wednesday morning. We found that among such obesity-associated factors, those relating to intrauterine overnutrition including excessive GWG contributed strongly to higher-than-normal BMI growth during the plastic phase of the first 2 years. Following risk prediction at the 1-year and 2-year visits, mothers with obesity and high-risk children may benefit from specific dietary counselling by nutritionists to encourage healthy complementary and family food choices, since early eating patterns determine future eating habits and the development of childhood overweight/obesity [93]. Monday-Friday. Geraldine worked in the field of maternal child health for over 30 years in various capacities working in the hospital postpartum unit, NICU and high risk and in public health for 25 years. Geserick M, Vogel M, Gausche R, Lipek T, Spielau U, Keller E, et al. Data from the independent German mother-child cohort PEPO [27, 28] were used for validation. 2D) but also contributed to preschool overweight and obesity (age 4 years: OR 31.86, 95% CI 4.08249.01 and age 5 years: OR 27.55, 95% CI 11.8863.88). Article She implemented and supervised a community doula program in Osceola County, Florida, for six years through a grant from the Ounce of Prevention Fund of Florida, having achieved the goal of reducing the C-section rate 14% during the first two years in two hospitals in the county. Schfer-Graf UM, Gembruch U, Kainer F, Groten T, Hummel S, Hsli I, et al. Cordelia initiated and managed the very first Breastfeeding Peer Counselor and volunteer community Doula program for African-American/Black families at the health department for ten years from 2002 to 2012. Data of 1557 PEACHES mother-child pairs and the validation cohort were analyzed comprising more than 50,000 offspring BMI measurements. Cordelia is a mother of two home-born, breastfed and attachment-parented children who are now capable, bright young adults. 2018;379(14):130312. (Available in Spanish upon request). Integrating such a procedure in the existing health care systems of well-child visits could help to quantify and confine risk to subpopulations and individuals at high necessity to intervene. As a mother to three girls, Carla is well aware of the necessity of love and care during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period. Am J Prev Med. Horm Res Paediatr. Article Early infancy - a critical period for development of obesity. Next, we assessed prenatal and postnatal factors triggering higher-than-normal BMI growth from birth until age 5 years and during early and late phases (Fig. Accessed 05 Nov 2021. Would you like email updates of new search results? If course registering into is higher price, the additional balance will be required. aDid not meet inclusion criteria for analysis, i.e., pre-conception obesity, overweight, or normal weight, full-term (37 weeks 0 days of gestation) singleton live birth, or absence of T1D/T2D. Matern Child Health J. Validation and utility testing of clinical prediction models: time to change the approach. J Gen Intern Med. Geraldine developed and implemented numerous programs for the community. Therefore, we did not correct model coefficients by specific shrinking techniques. Internal (cross-validation) and external (PEPO cohort) validation showed good discrimination between higher-than-normal and normal BMI growth in offspring of mothers either with or without obesity. Format: Due to Coronavirus outbreak, this course will be offered on the Zoom Meeting platform. Well-child visits; 2018. Brittany McLaughlin Even though a newborn gets little water in the thick yellowish first milk (colostrum), no additional water is necessary because a baby is born with extra water. Eny KM, Chen S, Anderson LN, Chen Y, Lebovic G, Pullenayegum E, et al. Offspring follow-up rates in the study populations. I am a mom of five; three bonus kiddos and two awesome little boys who both had very different but successful breastfeeding journeys. BMI, body mass index; h, hours;m, months; y, year(s). A Typical Day as a WIC Peer Counselor Peer counselors work in many different settings: WIC Clinic Most WIC peer counselors talk with new moms in the WIC clinic. Inclusion criterion in the PEPO cohort was age of the child close to school entry (around 6 years). Breastfeeding in Special Situations (adoption, prematurity, etc. Applicants can expect the process to take one to three months. 2021 Apr 15;13(4):1310. doi: 10.3390/nu13041310. Part of 2018;3(4):6877. All women of the PEACHES cohort who met the inclusion criteria for analysis had GDM testing by undergoing a 50-g glucose challenge test (GCT) or a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during the second or third trimester of pregnancy (median 25 weeks 5 days, interquartile range [IQR] 3 weeks 1 day) [39, 40]. Originally hired by the Arkansas Breastfeeding Coalition as a Say Yes to Best Peer Counselor, Kathy says, It is important for mothers to be able to give their baby a good start in life, and that is with breastfeeding. Kathy became a Breastfeeding Peer Counselor for WIC in June 2016. BMI, body mass index; BF, breastfeeding; CI, confidence interval; GDM, gestational diabetes; GWG, gestational weight gain; LGA, large-for-gestational-age; OR, odds ratio; PEACHES, Programming of Enhanced Adiposity Risk in CHildhoodEarly Screening; SES, socioeconomic status; SGA, small-for-gestational-age. Credit will be honored for one year from the training. With my first two children I did not have the supportive environment I needed to thrive as a breastfeeding mother. For individual risk quantification, we devised a novel sequential prediction system to allow early-risk stratification and re-evaluation for prevention of a higher-than-normal BMI growth pattern as a subclinical stage preceding overweight. Scoring system for quantification of risk of higher-than-normal BMI growth in young offspring. Int J Pediatr Obes. Payment Plan Option: $100.00 due at registration. In the PEPO cohort, women reported the presence of GDM at the time of the school entry health examinations [42] by answering the question: Was diabetes newly diagnosed in pregnancy prompting dietary or insulin treatment?. PLoS Med. Zheng M, Lamb KE, Grimes C, Laws R, Bolton K, Ong KK, et al. Sing TSO, Beerenwinkel N, Lengauer T. ROCR: visualizing classifier performance in R. Bioinformatics. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults. The average time to complete the comprehensive course is about 13 months, but motivated candidates who can devote regular time to study often complete it in four months or less. WIC: Breastfeeding 1993. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. Ensenauer R, Gmach J, Nehring I, von Kries R. Increased hemoglobin A(1c) in obese pregnant women after exclusion of gestational diabetes. These 9 measurements were collected at birth, the 1-month visit (ages 4 to 5 weeks), 3-month visit (ages 3 to 4 months), 6-month visit (ages 6 to 7 months), 1-year visit (ages 10 to 12 months), 2-year visit (ages 21 to 24 months), 3-year visit (ages 34 to 36 months), 4-year visit (ages 46 to 48 months), and 5-year visit (ages 60 to 64 months). Google Scholar. doi: 10.1007/s00103-012-1656-3. 2018. 2014;71(C):758-70. Mothers included in the analysis were mothers with or without pre-conception obesity, were not diagnosed with T1D/T2D, and had a full-term (37 weeks 0 days of gestation) singleton live birth. Contact: Carla Michael, Community and Professional Education Coordinator. 1. All prediction models were externally validated in the PEPO cohort. I was amazed to learn about the amazing newborn and what she is capable of doing right out of the womb!, A participant in the October 2011 course, After taking this course, I plan to embrace my ancestors cultural traditions for mothering and breastfeeding and to share the light of womens wisdom with future generations., A participant in the February 2011 course. We plan on continuing to use the 6th edition for at least the next year. 2019;16(2):e1002744. Wednesday. Predicting the earliest deviation in weight gain in the course towards manifest overweight in offspring exposed to obesity in pregnancy: a longitudinal cohort study, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02318-z, https://iqtig.org/veroeffentlichungen/bundesauswertung/, https://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/infantfeeding_recommendation/en/, https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Geburten/Tabellen/geburten-mutter-alter-bundeslaender.html, https://www.childtrends.org/?indicators=well-child-visits, https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/Life-stages/maternal-and-newborn-health/news/news/2015/08/who-european-region-has-lowest-global-breastfeeding-rates, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/, Maternal factors during pregnancy influencing maternal, fetal and childhood outcomes. Breastfeeding USA annual membership: $35 (non-refundable). It is an open-book, take-home exam, based on the PowerPoint and Student Manual. Irrespective of smoking, mothers with obesity have been recognized to experience major difficulties with initiating and continuing breastfeeding resulting in lower breastfeeding rates in these women [83]. We explored simultaneous effects of prenatal and postnatal factors on the endpoint higher-than-normal BMI growth pattern in offspring from birth to 5 years of age and during the early and late phases separately by logistic regression (including the early-phase BMI growth pattern as a potential factor influencing the late-phase pattern). Regina Ensenauer. 2010;33(3):67682. Finding breastfeeding support and information - Office on Women's Health WIC Peer Counselors are WIC mothers that support other WIC participants with breastfeeding. Based on these patterns leading to BMI convergence at 3 months and subsequent levelling off after 2 years in offspring of mothers with obesity, we determined the time points age 3 months to predict higher-than-normal BMI growth in the early phase and ages 1 year and 2 years to predict the late phase, respectively. 2018;15(10):e1002681. AGA, average-for-gestational-age; BMI, body mass index; LGA, large-for-gestational-age; PEACHES, Programming of Enhanced Adiposity Risk in CHildhoodEarly Screening; SGA, small-for-gestational-age. How to become an IBCLC: Pathway 1 for peer supporters Estimated global overweight and obesity burden in pregnant women based on panel data model. Geraldines joyous spirit and wisdom lives on through this course, which she had the pleasure to develop and instruct for over 10 years until her sad passing in 2018. 2020;49(2):37575k. Breastfeeding duration, maternal body mass index, and birth weight are associated with differences in body mass index growth trajectories in early childhood. May be taken twice if passing score is not achieved. When asked, the first thing Kim Helmbeck will say about her job is, I love what I do!. Aris IM, Bernard JY, Chen LW, Tint MT, Pang WW, Soh SE, et al. I am excited to be able to support and empower moms on their breastfeeding journey. International association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. 2018;19(3):32132. Graphical assessment of internal and external calibration of logistic regression models by using loess smoothers. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2020. https://www.R-project.org/. The WIC Breastfeeding Award of Excellence Program Applications; The WIC Breastfeeding Award of Excellence Awardees . Google Scholar. Special Cancellation Policy for Doulas and Midwives: If you are on call and have a birth during the training, please notify instructor as soon as possible that you will not be attending. Mothers with obesity were further classified according to the severity of obesity, which included class 1 obesity (BMI 30.0 to 34.9 kg/m2), class 2 obesity (BMI 35.0 to 39.9 kg/m2), and class 3 obesity (BMI 40.0 kg/m2). For information, inquiries, feedback and comments contact us. The Breastfeeding Answer Book (not included in tuition; available for purchase from Le Leche League International or used copies can be found on many online bookstores. Here, these already well-documented risk associations were translated and condensed into a novel serial prediction strategy for primary prevention of a higher-than-normal BMI growth pattern as a subclinical stage preceding overweight in clinical settings. Parents and their children were invited by mail to participate via leaflets. Meet Our Breastfeeding Peer Counselors - Arkansas Department of Health By using this website, you agree to our The International Board of Lactation Consultant Examiners (IBLCE) recognizes Breastfeeding USA as a peer support counselor organization. Her passionate desire to work with children and families led me to a career as a social worker and to obtain a masters in social work at California State University Los Angeles. At the time of the mothers pregnancies, GDM testing was performed between 24 weeks 0 day and 28 weeks 0 day of gestation according to the recommendations of the German Diabetes Association at the time of the study [43], which were comparable to those of the American Diabetes Association at that time [44]. Skip to main content An official website of the United States government . The calculated risk score should be compared to the respective cut-off score value (Table 2, Additional file 1: Table S4) . N Engl J Med. Mean BMI z-score growth clusters along with their 95% CI are presented for offspring of mothers with obesity (panel C) and without (panel D). Diabetologia. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. J Clin Epidemiol. Cordelia is also an ICEA-Certified Childbirth Educator, CAPPA-Certified Lactation Educator, and ALACE-Certified Birth Assistant who since 1991 has taught Childbirth Preparation Classes and Breastfeeding Education to hundreds of couples from multi-cultural backgrounds in private practice, clinics, public health, hospital and community settings. The World Health Organization's infant feeding recommendation; 2001. 2014;33(3):51735. Pediatr Obes. The statistical analysis plan for all analyses can be found in the Text S1 (Additional file 1) [38, 46,51]. Before this period, in the developmentally plastic first 2 years of life [4], rapid postnatal weight gain has been shown to be associated with later overweight and obesity [5]. Educational background was categorized as low (<10 years of formal education [score: 1]), medium (10 years of formal education [score: 2]), or high (>10 years of formal education [score: 3]). Modifiable risk factors in the first 1000 days for subsequent risk of childhood overweight in an Asian cohort: Significance of parental overweight status. New percentile values for the anthropometric dimensions of singleton neonates: analysis of perinatal survey data of 2007-2011 from all 16 states of Germany. This course can be brought to your agency as in-service training for staff. She enjoys instructing breastfeeding classes to pregnant mamas to prepare them before even before their little babies enters the world, and currently teaches Happy Mama Healthy Babys breastfeeding education classes for clients, and our Breastfeeding Peer Counselor Training, Postpartum Doula Training, Perinatal Support Specialist Training and Birth Doula Training. At T2 pp, mean PPWR was lower in women receiving counseling (IV) compared to the control group (C) (-0.2 4.8 kg vs. 0.6 5.2 kg), but there was no significant evidence of between-group differences (adjusted p = 0.123). Contributing early-life factors including excessive weight gain (OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.253.45) and smoking (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.272.95) in pregnancy were instrumental in predicting a higher-than-normal BMI growth pattern at age 3 months and re-evaluating the risk at ages 1 year and 2 years (area under the receiver operating characteristic [AUROC] 0.690.79, sensitivity 70.776.0%, specificity 64.778.1%). 2015;33:673689. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02318-z, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02318-z. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal We also thank Susanne Wullinger, Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Childrens Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt Mnchen for excellent technical assistance. The proportion of mothers belonging to a low SES at birth was 18.1% in the PEACHES cohort (Germany 20.1% [68]), whereas more women of the PEPO cohort had a low SES (32.9%). Mississippi County-Osceola: 870-563-2521 Am J Clin Nutr. Owing to these differences in the outcome (higher-than-normal BMI growth pattern), population (offspring of mothers with obesity), and prediction time points (sequential prediction) between our and previous work, prediction models cannot be directly compared. Only final models based on the lowest Akaike information criterion are presented. All procedures involving human subjects were approved for both the PEACHES (protocol no. We suggest no more than 20 people per course. World Health Organization (WHO). Evidence-based breastfeeding education and resources. For more information on breastfeeding your baby or to be referred to a Peer Counselor, please call the WIC Breastfeeding Help Line at 753-5640. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Multiple anthropometric measurements improved precision to identify minor deviations in BMI growth especially in the sensitive first months of life. In contrast, among 27.9% (183/655) of offspring of mothers without obesity, the upper-cluster pattern showed crossing of the mean BMI z-score >1 SD at 1 year of age, which appeared to decrease after peak growth at age 2 years (1.27 SD) (Fig. Steyerberg EW, Vickers AJ, Cook NR, Gerds T, Gonen M, Obuchowski N, et al. Despite overwhelming evidence for associations of such risk factors with childhood overweight and obesity [20, 21], there is an unmet public health need to identify vulnerable infants who are at highest risk of gaining more weight than expected prior to the manifestation of overweight. Data on offspring sex and birth weight were abstracted from the well-child booklets [24]. I feel with these experiences, Im able to offer real mom-to-mom support through the stages of each breastfeeding relationship. Shown are calibration curves (blue lines) and calibration slopes and intercepts for offspring of mothers with obesity (panel A, B) and without obesity (panel C, D) by the prediction models at age 1 year and 2 years. Federal Statistical Office (Destatis). Office of Performance Management Quality Improvement and Evaluation, Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Performance, Hospital Reporting Form-Lay Midwife Patient Transfer. Local WIC agencies that have operated a peer counseling program for at least one year, which meets all of the required core components of the FNS WIC Breastfeeding Model for Peer Counseling for a successful peer counseling program. Click here to register. Have special training in breastfeeding support. Students in 2013 course practicing breastfeeding counseling skills. Augie Rigual teaches our course in Spanish. Breastfeeding is a learning process for you and your baby. Monday Friday. N Engl J Med. 1 or Email her at: Carla.Michael@motherbabysupport.net, Happy Mama Healthy Baby Alliance FOIA All BC applicants, BC candidates, and active BCs must be current members. J Dev Orig Health Dis. Maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain, and the risk of overweight and obesity across childhood: an individual participant data meta-analysis. However, data and methods for individual . 2014;2014:148391. The proportion of women excluded from the analyses due to missing data is <1% in the PEACHES cohort and 3.3% in the PEPO cohort (Fig. WIC Peer Counselor in Texas | Texas Health and Human Services Registration begins at 8:30 a.m. Oostvogels A, Hof MHP, Gademan MGJ, Roseboom TJ, Stronks K, Vrijkotte TGM. doi: 10.1007/s40273-014-0243-x. Values were derived from multivariable logistic regression with stepwise backward selection. Mauz E, Lange M, Houben R, Hoffmann R, Allen J, Gosswald A, et al. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Minimum 10 people required. Article Breastfeeding and WIC | Breastfeeding | Health & Senior Services Due upon acceptance of your application; required to become a BC candidate and start training. volume20, Articlenumber:156 (2022) Or, join if you are not a member yet. PubMed BMI, body mass index; BF, breastfeeding; GDM, gestational diabetes; GWG, gestational weight gain; m, month(s); LGA, large-for-gestational-age; SES, socioeconomic status; SGA, small-for-gestational-age; y, year(s). Candidates communicate regularly with course teachers and other candidates, yet they work at their own pace. PubMed Central 2017;106(5):1295301. After delivery, more than one third of mothers with overweight/obesity do not initiate breastfeeding [14], all representing specific single risk factors for childhood overweight. eCollection 2018. At T2pp, mean PPWR was lower in women receiving counseling (IV) compared to the control group (C) (-0.2 4.8 kg vs. 0.6 5.2 kg), but there was no significant evidence of between-group differences (adjusted p = 0.123). cPotential predictors included: maternal pre-conception BMI group, total GWG, GDM, parity, smoking during pregnancy, sex, birth weight category for gestational age and sex, SES, breastfeeding status at 1 month, breastfeeding status at 3 months, breastfeeding status at 6 months, and BMI z-score >1 SD at age 2 years. Empowering you with mother-to-mother support. This would require a dynamic prediction-guided prevention strategy with serial risk assessments for high-risk offspring, such as those exposed to obesity in pregnancy. cHigher-than-normal BMI growth pattern defined as BMI z-score >1 SD [51] at least twice. This work was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grants 01EA1307, 01GI0820), Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health (grant LP00124), and the Foundation for Cardiovascular Prevention in Childhood, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt Mnchen, Munich, Germany. These are just a few of the things you will learn. 2018;61(8):9205. I hope to help other moms overcome their own challenges they may face with breastfeeding, and support them so theyget off to the best start possible! A total of 1557 women (n = 887 [57.0%] with obesity and n = 670 [43.0%] without obesity) of the PEACHES cohort and 9874 women (n = 917 [9.3%] with obesity and n = 8957 [90.7%] without obesity) of the PEPO cohort were included in our analyses (Fig. Anderson LN, Carsley S, Lebovic G, Borkhoff CM, Maguire JL, Parkin PC, et al. Acceleration of BMI in early childhood and risk of sustained obesity. If the course you are registering into is higher price, the additional balance will be required. 2C, D, Additional file 1: Table S2). Li F, Zhou X, Cheng D, Wang H, Xu X. Springer Nature. Orientation Checklists for new Breastfeeding Peer Counseling program staff. Figure S2. This is critical because there are no statistics on how many Black IBCLCs there are in the United States. 4). Breastmilk provides all the water your baby needs, even in hot and dry climates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001141.pub6. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Liao XP, Yu Y, Marc I, Dubois L, Abdelouahab N, Bouchard L, et al. AUROC, area under the receiver operating characteristic; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; GDM, gestational diabetes; GWG, gestational weight gain; NA, not applicable; PEACHES, Programming of Enhanced Adiposity Risk in CHildhoodEarly Screening; PEPO, PErinatal Prevention of Obesity; SES, socioeconomic status. Geraldine was a Birth Assistant/Doula, a La Leche League Trained Breastfeeding Counselor Trainer, a Lamaze Pregnancy and Childbirth Health Educator, State Certified Outreach Worker Trainer, S.I.D.S. Obes Rev. aPotential predictors included: maternal pre-conception BMI group, total GWG, GDM, parity, smoking during pregnancy, sex, birth weight category for gestational age and sex, SES, breastfeeding status at 1 month, breastfeeding status at 3 months, and BMI z-score >1 SD at age 3 months. Increasing breastfeeding initiation and duration in the United States is one of the Healthy People 2030 objectives for the publics health. PubMed Central Annual re-certification is $50.00 + other requirements. Saravanan P, Magee LA, Banerjee A, Coleman MA, Von Dadelszen P, Denison F, et al. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Accessed 05 Nov 2021. 2017;390(10113):2627-42. Schfer-Graf U, Napoli A, Nolan CJ. This distinctive training is built on the legacy of the 20th century African American Midwife, who provided holistic perinatal services with birth and postpartum rituals and mothering skills building confidence and leadership abilities within families to improve birth outcomes and increase breastfeeding duration rates. 2021;18(1):126. Our proposed prediction strategy could stimulate the use of cost-effective and personalized advice and measures counteracting the risk of very early excess weight gain. Int J Epidemiol. I breastfed a few months! New guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy: what obstetrician/gynecologists should know. 2017;5(1):5364. PMC 2017;32(10):138597. 2018 Sep 26;9:546. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00546. PubMed Figure S5. Pediatr Obes. aMissing data in the PEACHES cohort were due to loss to follow-up. The site is secure. Global rates of childhood obesity have increased dramatically [1]. In this study, we first evaluated longitudinal BMI growth patterns in offspring of mothers with obesity versus those of mothers without obesity.

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